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Both Bodhidharma and the Buddha arose from the Indian warrior class, known as the Kshatriya caste. Their martial arts were called Vajramukti, a name meaning "Thunderbolt clasped hands". Based mainly on barehanded combat, Vajramukti was practiced in peacetime as physical training for health. The postures or forms were known as "pratima" and were linked together into sequences, known as "nata", which were meant to train both the mind and body. The most important of these sequences was the 18 Subduings (Astadasajacan) which reflect the Buddhist doctrine of the 18 perfections, or paramitas. In China, this sequence became known as the 18 Arhats or 18 Lohan, which means "perfected person", and refers to enlightened disciples of the Buddha. Bodhidharma also translated and taught Buddhist therapeutic kriya yoga, including Asthimajja Parisuddhi, which means "Bone marrow cleansing and purification", known as Xi Sui Jing in Chinese. In addition, he taught a system of Mahāyāna Buddhist yoga that is known today as the Muscle/Tendon Changing Classic, or Yi Jin jing.
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