When I use it I think of it as "skill developed through effort/practice" and i consider it to be non-specific, as in it does not apply to martial arts alone.
But to many people it is undeniably used to mean CMA, Chinese martial arts, which is awkward as that China is a collection of diverse cultures and thus as a general term is very vague and almost meaningless. For example do we maintain that Tibetan traditions are Chinese because the Chinese occupy Tibet in a military way?
Do we say that Ireland is part of British culture?
I am just saying, or typing rather, that the modern use of the term
Kung-fu is itself problematic.
For me the only acceptable use is the rather literal translation and meaning.
Literally translated? Time and effort.
That is the only meaning that makes sense and it is not Chinese specific or even martial arts specific by any means.
this topic is better under General, rather than Shaolin.